2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide, commonly known as the Mukaiyama reagent, is a versatile compound widely employed in organic synthesis due to its ability to activate hydroxy groups in alcohols and carboxylic acids. This reagent facilitates the synthesis of various derivatives including esters, lactones, amides, lactams, and ketenes from their corresponding carboxylic acids. Additionally, it serves as an efficient coupling reagent in peptide synthesis, offering advantages such as low toxicity, straightforward reaction conditions, and cost-effectiveness compared to alternatives like EDC. In applications beyond organic synthesis, 2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide finds utility as a dehydrating agent for converting aldoximes to nitriles and alcohols to alkyl thiocyanates. Moreover, it serves as a cross-linking agent for producing biodegradable cross-linked hyaluronic acid film and gelatin membranes, offering potential in biomedical applications. Furthermore, it acts as a condensing agent in the synthesis of various β-lactams from β-amino acids, showcasing its versatility in diverse chemical processes.