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60-25-3,MFCD00031563
Catalog No.:AA003QTS

60-25-3 | Hexamethonium chloride dihydrate

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Purity
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1g
99%
in stock  
$34.00   $24.00
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5g
99%
in stock  
$75.00   $53.00
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25g
99%
in stock  
$223.00   $156.00
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100g
99%
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$558.00   $390.00
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  • Technical Information
  • Properties
  • Downstream Synthesis Route
  • Literature
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  • Technical Information
  • Properties
  • Downstream Synthesis Route
  • Literature
Technical Information
Catalog Number:
AA003QTS
Chemical Name:
Hexamethonium chloride dihydrate
CAS Number:
60-25-3
Molecular Formula:
C12H30Cl2N2
Molecular Weight:
273.2860
MDL Number:
MFCD00031563
SMILES:
C[N+](CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C)(C)C.[Cl-].[Cl-]
Properties
Properties
 
BP:
423.36°C (rough estimate)  
Form:
Solid  
MP:
292°C(dec.)(lit.)  
Refractive Index:
1.6400 (estimate)  
Solubility:
H2O: soluble  
Storage:
Inert atmosphere;Room Temperature;  

Computed Properties
 
Complexity:
121  
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:
3  
Heavy Atom Count:
16  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:
2  
Rotatable Bond Count:
7  

Downstream Synthesis Route

[1]Tam,Shuk-Ching;WilliamsRobertJ.P.[JournaloftheChemicalSociety,FaradayTransactions1:PhysicalChemistryinCondensedPhases,1984,vol.80,p.2255-2268]

[1]Hossain,M.Alamgir;Schneider,Hans-Joerg[Chemistry-AEuropeanJournal,1999,vol.5,#4,p.1284-1290]

[1]Locationinpatent:bodytextMeazza,Lorenzo;Marti-Rujas,Javier;Terraneo,Giancarlo;Castiglioni,Chiara;Milani,Alberto;Pilati,Tullio;Metrangolo,Pierangelo;Resnati,Giuseppe[CrystEngComm,2011,vol.13,#13,p.4427-4435]

60-25-3   
CASUnavailable 

[1]Locationinpatent:bodytextMeazza,Lorenzo;Marti-Rujas,Javier;Terraneo,Giancarlo;Castiglioni,Chiara;Milani,Alberto;Pilati,Tullio;Metrangolo,Pierangelo;Resnati,Giuseppe[CrystEngComm,2011,vol.13,#13,p.4427-4435]

CASUnavailable 
  60-25-3   
CASUnavailable 

[1]Liu,Wenjin;Lu,Xiaoyong;Meng,Zihui;Isaacs,Lyle[OrganicandBiomolecularChemistry,2018,vol.16,#35,p.6499-6506]

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Title: Increased sympathetic activity in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia.

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Title: Roles of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta subunits in function of human alpha4-containing nicotinic receptors.

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Title: Evidence that stimulation of ghrelin receptors in the spinal cord initiates propulsive activity in the colon of the rat.

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Title: Effect of electroacupuncture at Sibai on the gastric myoelectric activities of denervated rats.

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Title: Amperometric study of the kinetics of exocytosis in mouse adrenal slice chromaffin cells: physiological and methodological insights.

Journal: Journal of neurophysiology 20060901

Title: Orexin A affects ascending contraction depending on downstream cholinergic neurons and descending relaxation through independent pathways in mouse jejunum.

Journal: Neuropharmacology 20060901

Title: Cholinergic regulation of endogenous morphine release from lobster nerve cord.

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Title: The visceromotor responses to colorectal distension and skin pinch are inhibited by simultaneous jejunal distension.

Journal: Pain 20060701

Title: Peripherally administered CRF stimulates colonic motility via central CRF receptors and vagal pathways in conscious rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20060601

Title: Esophageal-gastric relaxation reflex in rat: dual control of peripheral nitrergic and cholinergic transmission.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20060601

Title: Effect of acute inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME on cardiovascular responses following peripheral autonomic blockade in rabbits.

Journal: Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 20060601

Title: Pregnancy in rats is modulated by ganglionic cholinergic action.

Journal: Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 20060601

Title: GABA-induced calcium signaling in cultured enteric neurons is reinforced by activation of cholinergic pathways.

Journal: Neuroscience 20060512

Title: Contribution of central nitric oxide to the regulation of blood pressure and sodium balance in DOCA-salt hypertension.

Journal: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20060501

Title: Reflex activation of rat fusimotor neurons by body surface cooling, and its dependence on the medullary raphe.

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Title: [Paticipation of cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of cardiac rhythm and cardiac contractility].

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Title: Characterization of nicotine's ability to serve as a negative feature in a Pavlovian appetitive conditioning task in rats.

Journal: Psychopharmacology 20060301

Title: Effect of toluene diisocyanate on homeostasis of intracellular-free calcium in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Journal: Toxicology and applied pharmacology 20060301

Title: Intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats: effects of mecamylamine, hexamethonium and naloxone.

Journal: Psychopharmacology 20060301

Title: Electrophysiological characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cat petrosal ganglion neurons in culture: effects of cytisine and its bromo derivatives.

Journal: Brain research 20060209

Title: Noradrenergic and cholinergic neural pathways mediate stress-induced reactivation of colitis in the rat.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20060130

Title: Adrenergic origin of very low-frequency blood pressure oscillations in the unanesthetized rat.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20060101

Title: Expression of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat urinary bladder epithelial cells.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20060101

Title: Diversion of blood flow from noncompliant to compliant vasculature in awake dogs: mechanical impact on right atrial pressure.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20060101

Title: Hemodynamic effects of di-sec-butyl phenol, an anesthetic substituted phenol.

Journal: Pharmacology 20060101

Title: Possible role of mouse cerebellar nitric oxide in the behavioral interaction between chronic intracerebellar nicotine and acute ethanol administration: observation of cross-tolerance.

Journal: Neuroscience 20060101

Title: Increased cholinergic contractions of jejunal smooth muscle caused by a high cholesterol diet are prevented by the 5-HT4 agonist--tegaserod.

Journal: BMC gastroenterology 20060101

Title: Evidence for parasympathetic vasodilator fibres in the rat masseter muscle.

Journal: The Journal of physiology 20051201

Title: Propionate modulates spontaneous contractions via enteric nerves and prostaglandin release in the rat distal colon.

Journal: The Japanese journal of physiology 20051201

Title: Chronotropic effect of D-Ala2,Leu5,Arg6-enkephalin (dalargin) is associated with activation of peripheral kappa-opioid receptors.

Journal: Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20051201

Title: C-type natriuretic peptide applied to the brain enhances exocrine pancreatic secretion through a vagal pathway.

Journal: European journal of pharmacology 20051107

Title: Sensory peptide neurotransmitters mediating mucosal and distension evoked neural vasodilator reflexes in guinea pig ileum.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20051101

Title: Tachykinin agonists modulate cholinergic neurotransmission at guinea-pig intracardiac Ganglia.

Journal: Journal of pharmacological sciences 20051101

Title: Secretin activates vagal primary afferent neurons in the rat: evidence from electrophysiological and immunohistochemical studies.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20051001

Title: Is there a threshold duration of vascular occlusion for hindlimb reactive hyperemia?

Journal: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20051001

Title: Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Aniba canelilla bark in normotensive rats.

Journal: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20051001

Title: Ether stress increases adrenomedullin gene expression and levels in the rat adrenal.

Journal: Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20051001

Title: Rabbit retinal ganglion cells express functional alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 20050901

Title: Increased counteracting effect of eNOS and nNOS on an alpha1-adrenergic rise in total peripheral vascular resistance in spontaneous hypertensive rats.

Journal: Cardiovascular research 20050901

Title: Peripheral mechanisms involved in gastric mucosal protection by intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal nociceptin in rats.

Journal: Endocrinology 20050901

Title: Possible neural mediation of the central effects of oxytocin on uterine motility.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20050901

Title: Energy expenditure by intravenous administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 mediated by the lower brainstem and sympathoadrenal system.

Journal: Peptides 20050901

Title: Role of a responsive sympathetic nervous system in the chronic hypotensive effects of losartan in normal rats.

Journal: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20050801

Title: The anti-inflammatory effect of peripheral bee venom stimulation is mediated by central muscarinic type 2 receptors and activation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Journal: Brain research 20050712

Title: Measurement of the propelled liquid by isolated hamster ileum as a parameter to evaluate peristalsis.

Journal: European journal of pharmacology 20050704

Title: Modulation of cerebral microvascular permeability by endothelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20050701

Title: Hindlimb unloading alters nitric oxide and autonomic control of resting arterial pressure in conscious rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20050701

Title: Intravenous adenosine protects the myocardium primarily by activation of a neurogenic pathway.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20050701

Title: Alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit is not required for parasympathetic control of the heart in the mouse.

Journal: Physiological genomics 20050616

Title: Sex differences in the development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension in conscious mice.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20050501

Title: A neurophysiological evidence of capsaicin-sensitive nerve components innervating interscapular brown adipose tissue.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20050429

Title: Cardiovascular autonomic control in mice lacking angiotensin AT1a receptors.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20050401

Title: A quantitative approach to recording peristaltic activity from segments of rat small intestine in vivo.

Journal: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20050401

Title: Origin and pharmacological response of atrial tachyarrhythmias induced by activation of mediastinal nerves in canines.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20050331

Title: Muscarinic allosteric enhancers of ligand binding: pivotal pharmacophoric elements in hexamethonio-type agents.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry 20050324

Title: Role of vagus nerve in postprandial antropyloric coordination in conscious dogs.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20050301

Title: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and splanchnic blood flow in anaesthetized rats.

Journal: Acta physiologica Scandinavica 20050301

Title: Hidden function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2 subunits in ganglionic transmission: comparison to alpha5 and beta4 subunits.

Journal: Journal of the neurological sciences 20050215

Title: Effect of rhubarb on contractile response of gallbladder smooth muscle strips isolated from guinea pigs.

Journal: World journal of gastroenterology 20050214

Title: Contribution of the subfornical organ to angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20050201

Title: Cold response of the bladder in guinea pig: involvement of transient receptor potential channel, TRPM8.

Journal: Urology 20050201

Title: Autonomic mechanisms in the age-related hypotensive effect of propofol.

Journal: Anesthesia and analgesia 20050101

Title: Blood flow measurements in rats using four color microspheres during blockade of different vasopressor systems.

Journal: Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 20050101

Title: Effects of chronic anabolic steroid treatment on tonic and reflex cardiovascular control in male rats.

Journal: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 20050101

Title: The effect of e-, i-, and n-nitric oxide synthase inhibition on colonic motility in normal and muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice.

Journal: The Japanese journal of physiology 20041201

Title: Synaptic transmission in simple motility reflex pathways excited by distension in guinea pig distal colon.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20041101

Title: Ouabain at nanomolar concentration promotes synthesis and release of angiotensin II from the endothelium of the tail vascular bed of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Journal: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20040901

Title: Defining determinant molecular properties for the blockade of the apamin-sensitive SKCa channel in guinea-pig hepatocytes: the influence of polarizability and molecular geometry.

Journal: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20040802

Title: Spinal effects of oxytocin on uterine motility in anesthetized rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20040801

Title: Diminished baroreflex control of heart rate responses in otoconia-deficient C57BL/6JEi head tilt mice.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20040801

Title: Role of estrogen in nitric oxide- and prostaglandin-dependent modulation of vascular conductance during treadmill locomotion in rats.

Journal: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20040801

Title: Mechanisms of sustained cutaneous vasodilation induced by spinal cord stimulation.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20040730

Title: Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for the long-term response of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression to chronic nicotine treatment in rat adrenal medulla.

Journal: Brain research. Molecular brain research 20040726

Title: Differential reversal of drug-induced small bowel paralysis by cerulein and neostigmine.

Journal: Intensive care medicine 20040701

Title: Dilatation induced by 5-HT in the middle meningeal artery of the anaesthetised cat.

Journal: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20040601

Title: Institution announces that only one health human subject died in research.

Journal: Human research report 20040601

Title: Cholecystokinin and prostaglandins inhibit responses of vagal afferent activity to systemic administration of nicotine in anesthetized rats.

Journal: Neuroscience letters 20040527

Title: Anti-inflammatory effect of acute stress on experimental colitis is mediated by cholecystokinin-B receptors.

Journal: Life sciences 20040521

Title: Nicotine serves as a feature-positive modulator of Pavlovian appetitive conditioning in rats.

Journal: Behavioural pharmacology 20040501

Title: Acute inhibition of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus decreases renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial blood pressure in water-deprived rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20040401

Title: Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the reversal of critical haemorrhagic hypotension by endogenous central histamine in rats.

Journal: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20040401

Title: Cardiovascular effects of methyleugenol, a natural constituent of many plant essential oils, in normotensive rats.

Journal: Life sciences 20040326

Title: Endogenous ouabain-like factor (OLF) secretion is modulated by nicotinic mechanisms in rat adrenocortical cells.

Journal: Life sciences 20040312

Title: Enteric neurones modulate the colonic permeability response to luminal bile acids in rat colon in vivo.

Journal: Gut 20040301

Title: Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense.

Journal: The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20040301

Title: Neuromodulation of experimental Shigella infection reduces damage to the gut mucosa.

Journal: Microbes and infection 20040301

Title: Why wasn't an investigational new drug (IND) application required before appropriate study?

Journal: Human research report 20040301

Title: Less contribution of the nicotinic cholinergic and alpha2-adrenergic action of high acetaldehyde concentration on the inhibition of intestinal ethanol absorption.

Journal: The journal of medical investigation : JMI 20040201

Title: Effect of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor blockade on arrhythmogenic activity of endothelin-1 during inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in awake mice.

Journal: Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20040201

Title: Nicotine increases size and severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization.

Journal: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20040101

Title: Death of a research subject and a halt to all federally-funded research.

Journal: Human research report 20040101

Title: Author response to letter regarding 'Children in clinical research: a conflict of moral values' (AJOB 3:1).

Journal: The American journal of bioethics : AJOB 20040101

Title: Unique mechanism of action of Alzheimer's drugs on brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and NMDA receptors.

Journal: Life sciences 20031205

Title: Catecholamine secretion in trout chromaffin cells experiencing nicotinic receptor desensitization is maintained by non-cholinergic neurotransmission.

Journal: The Journal of experimental biology 20031201

Title: Blood pressure effects of intravenous apomorphine in conscious deoxycorticosterone-acetate salt-hypertensive rats.

Journal: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20031201

Title: Effect of motilin on endogenous release of insulin in conscious dogs in the fed state.

Journal: Digestive diseases and sciences 20031201

Title: Trigeminal nerve-mediated reflex arterial blood pressure decrease and vasodilatation in lower lip of the rabbit.

Journal: Brain research 20031010

Title: Noninvasive remote ischemic preconditioning for global protection of skeletal muscle against infarction.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20031001

Title: A newly identified buccal interneuron initiates and modulates feeding motor programs in aplysia.

Journal: Journal of neurophysiology 20031001

Title: Nicotinic effects on excitatory field potentials recorded from the immature CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices.

Journal: Experimental brain research 20031001

Title: Recovery of high blood pressure after chronic lesions of the commissural NTS in SHR.

Journal: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20031001

Title: Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20031001

Title: Hypotensive effect of anandamide through the activation of CB1 and VR1 spinal receptors in urethane-anesthetized rats.

Journal: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20031001

Title: Postoperative ileus is maintained by intestinal immune infiltrates that activate inhibitory neural pathways in mice.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20031001

Title: Sympathetic mechanisms in cerebral blood flow alterations induced by spinal cord stimulation.

Journal: Journal of neurosurgery 20031001

Title: Modification of spontaneous contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum by serotonin receptor agonists.

Journal: Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 20031001

Title: Hypotonicity-induced increases in duodenal mucosal permeability facilitates adjustment of luminal osmolality.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20030801

Title: Analysis of factors that determine the compliance of rat jejunum to distension in vivo.

Journal: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030801

Title: Antro-pancreatic reflexes: long- and short-route reflexes in exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20030731

Title: Hypotensive effect of push-pull gravitational stress occurs after autonomic blockade.

Journal: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20030701

Title: Involvement of enteric nerves in permeability changes due to deoxycholic acid in rat jejunum in vivo.

Journal: Acta physiologica Scandinavica 20030701

Title: Effects of nicotinic receptor blockade on the colonic mucosal response to luminal bile acids in anaesthetized rats.

Journal: Acta physiologica Scandinavica 20030701

Title: Oxytocinergic regulation of cardiovascular function: studies in oxytocin-deficient mice.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20030601

Title: Murine intestinal migrating motor complexes: longitudinal components.

Journal: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030601

Title: Peripheral and central sites of action for A-85380 in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain.

Journal: Pain 20030601

Title: Inhibitory effect of the plant flavonoid galangin on rat vas deferens in vitro.

Journal: Life sciences 20030516

Title: Involvement of cholinergic neurons in the regulation of the ghrelin secretory response to feeding in sheep.

Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20030502

Title: Disruption of bladder epithelium barrier function after spinal cord injury.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20030501

Title: Melatonin in the duodenal lumen is a potent stimulant of mucosal bicarbonate secretion.

Journal: Journal of pineal research 20030501

Title: Agonist- and nerve-induced phasic activity in the isolated whole bladder of the guinea pig: evidence for two types of bladder activity.

Journal: Experimental physiology 20030501

Title: Cardiovascular effects of hypocretin-1 in nucleus of the solitary tract.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20030401

Title: Nicotinic transmission at functionally distinct synapses in descending reflex pathways of the rat colon.

Journal: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030401

Title: Fast synaptic connections from CBIs to pattern-generating neurons in Aplysia: initiation and modification of motor programs.

Journal: Journal of neurophysiology 20030401

Title: Local cooling alters neural mechanisms producing changes in peripheral blood flow by spinal cord stimulation.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20030328

Title: Deficiency of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta 4 subunit causes autonomic cardiac and intestinal dysfunction.

Journal: Molecular pharmacology 20030301

Title: Endogenous CCK depresses contractile activity within the ascending myenteric reflex pathway of rat ileum.

Journal: Neuropharmacology 20030301

Title: The rebound excitation triggered by anticholinergic drugs from ovine pyloric antrum, small bowel and gallbladder.

Journal: Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 20030301

Title: Nicotine-induced inflammatory decreasing effect on passive skin arthus reaction in paraventricular nucleus-lesioned wistar rats.

Journal: Pharmacology & toxicology 20030301

Title: Interaction of histamine and glucocorticoids with neural structures of the respiratory tract.

Journal: Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 20030301

Title: Role of the autonomic nervous system in push-pull gravitational stress in anesthetized rats.

Journal: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20030201

Title: Capsaicin-sensitive extrinsic afferents are involved in acid-induced activation of distinct myenteric neurons in the rat stomach.

Journal: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030201

Title: Inhibitory effects of atropine and hexamethonium on the angiotensin II-induced contractions of rat anococcygeus smooth muscles.

Journal: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20030201

Title: The effect of walking on regional blood flow and acetylcholine in the hippocampus in conscious rats.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20030131

Title: Effect of oxytocin on contraction of rabbit proximal colon in vitro.

Journal: World journal of gastroenterology 20030115

Title: Mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular responses to spinal dopamine receptor stimulation by apomorphine in anesthetized rats.

Journal: Neuroscience letters 20030102

Title: Does the cholinergic system modulate gastrointestinal slow waves during less active phases of migrating myoelectric complex in healthy rams?

Journal: Folia medica Cracoviensia 20030101

Title: [Difference in action sites between mecamylamine and hexamethonium on nicotinic receptors of sympathetic neurons].

Journal: Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 20021225

Title: A rhythmic motor pattern activated by circumferential stretch in guinea-pig distal colon.

Journal: The Journal of physiology 20021201

Title: Influence of various feeding conditions, the migrating myoelectric complex and cholinergic drugs on antral slow waves in sheep.

Journal: Archiv fur Tierernahrung 20021201

Title: bis-Azaaromatic quaternary ammonium analogues: ligands for alpha4beta2* and alpha7* subtypes of neuronal nicotinic receptors.

Journal: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20021104

Title: Inflammation inhibits muscarinic signaling in in vivo canine colonic circular smooth muscle cells.

Journal: Pediatric research 20021101

Title: Central Orexin-A stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion via the vagus.

Journal: Pancreas 20021101

Title: Nicotinic receptors regulate the release of glycine onto lamina X neurones of the rat spinal cord.

Journal: Neuropharmacology 20021101

Title: Acute effects of aflatoxins on guinea pig isolated ileum.

Journal: Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 20021001

Title: Vasopressin in CSF and plasma in depressed suicide attempters: preliminary results.

Journal: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20021001

Title: Sex difference in urethral response to electrical stimulation of efferent nerves in the pudendal sensory branch of rats.

Journal: International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 20021001

Title: Role of the autonomic nervous system in emetic and cardiovascular responses in Suncus murinus.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20020930

Title: Involvement of cholinergic neurons in orexin-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum.

Journal: European journal of pharmacology 20020927

Title: Effects of extrinsic autonomic inputs on expression of c-Fos immunoreactivity in myenteric neurons of the guinea pig distal colon.

Journal: Brain research 20020906

Title: Nitric oxide-independent effects of tempol on sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in DOCA-salt rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20020901

Title: Intravesical adenosine triphosphate stimulates the micturition reflex in awake, freely moving rats.

Journal: The Journal of urology 20020901

Title: Angiotensin II induces catecholamine release by direct ganglionic excitation.

Journal: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20020901

Title: Fast excitatory postsynaptic currents in neurons of the rabbit pelvic plexus.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20020830

Title: Remote preconditioning protects the heart by activating myocardial PKCepsilon-isoform.

Journal: Cardiovascular research 20020815

Title: Remote preconditioning by infrarenal occlusion of the aorta protects the heart from infarction: a newly identified non-neuronal but PKC-dependent pathway.

Journal: Cardiovascular research 20020815

Title: Excitatory action of lead on rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro and in vivo.

Journal: Life sciences 20020719

Title: Sites of action of adenosine in interorgan preconditioning of the heart.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20020701

Title: Alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation ameliorates impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Journal: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20020701

Title: Protecting research subjects.

Journal: The New England journal of medicine 20020627

Title: Secretion from submucosal salivary glands of the ferret in response to a cholinesterase inhibitor applied onto the oral mucosa.

Journal: European journal of oral sciences 20020601

Title: Functional study on nitroxidergic nerve in isolated dog pulmonary arteries and veins.

Journal: Japanese journal of pharmacology 20020601

Title: Intraperitoneal administration of choline increases serum glucose in rat: involvement of the sympathoadrenal system.

Journal: Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20020601

Title: Sensitization of enteric reflexes in the rat colon in vitro.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20020418

Title: Effect of areca on contraction of colonic muscle strips in rats.

Journal: World journal of gastroenterology 20020415

Title: Sympathetic control of the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in the chick embryo.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20020401

Title: The nature of the acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in buccal smooth muscle of the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum.

Journal: Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology 20020401

Title: Gastric antisecretory role and immunohistochemical localization of cannabinoid receptors in the rat stomach.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20020401

Title: Dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis perturbs muscarinic cholinergic control of colonic epithelial ion transport.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20020401

Title: Literature searches.

Journal: Lancet (London, England) 20020309

Title: Serosal application of Ba(2+) induces oscillatory chloride secretion via activation of submucosal cholinergic neurones in guinea-pig distal colon.

Journal: Acta physiologica Scandinavica 20020301

Title: Contribution of endogenous vasopressin to regional hemodynamics in borderline-hypertensive Hiroshima rats.

Journal: Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20020301

Title: Protecting research subjects--the crisis at Johns Hopkins.

Journal: The New England journal of medicine 20020227

Title: Mesaconitine-induced relaxation in rat aorta: involvement of Ca2+ influx and nitric-oxide synthase in the endothelium.

Journal: European journal of pharmacology 20020202

Title: Involvement of trigeminal spinal nucleus in parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in cat lower lip.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20020201

Title: The hexamethonium asthma study and the death of a normal volunteer in research.

Journal: Journal of medical ethics 20020201

Title: Chemical coding and electrophysiology of enteric neurons expressing neurofilament 145 in guinea pig gastrointestinal tract.

Journal: The Journal of comparative neurology 20020114

Title: The brain renin-angiotensin system in transgenic mice carrying a highly regulated human renin transgene.

Journal: Circulation research 20020111

Title: Pro-erectile effect of systemic apomorphine: existence of a spinal site of action.

Journal: The Journal of urology 20020101

Title: Facilitation of acetylcholine signaling by the dithiocarbamate fungicide propineb.

Journal: Chemical research in toxicology 20020101

Title: Nitric oxide facilitates vagal control of heart rate via actions in the cardiac parasympathetic ganglia of the anaesthetised dog.

Journal: Experimental physiology 20020101

Title: Research guidelines: Hopkins deals with research volunteer death and aftermath.

Journal: The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 20020101

Title: Responses of myenteric S neurones to low frequency stimulation of their synaptic inputs.

Journal: Neuroscience 20020101

Title: [Action of regulators of peripheral cholinergic processes on development of early arrhythmia in myocardial ischemic rats].

Journal: Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental'naia terapiia 20020101

Title: Role of autonomic nervous system for development and suppression of motion sickness in Suncus murinus.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20011210

Title: Hypotensive and sedative effects of clonidine injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20011201

Title: The death of a volunteer research subject: lessons to be learned.

Journal: CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 20011113

Title: Is clinical research still too haphazard?

Journal: Lancet (London, England) 20011110

Title: Is clinical research still too haphazard.

Journal: Lancet (London, England) 20011110

Title: Effects of chronic cardiac decentralization on functional properties of canine intracardiac neurons in vitro.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20011101

Title: Inhibitory effect of palmitoylethanolamide on gastrointestinal motility in mice.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20011101

Title: Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and CREB in PC12h cells.

Journal: Journal of neurochemistry 20011101

Title: Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation and the regulation of arterial blood pressure.

Journal: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20011101

Title: Glutaminergic vagal afferents may mediate both retching and gastric adaptive relaxation in dogs.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20011008

Title: Hepato-vagal pathway associated with nicotine's anorectic effect in the rat.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20011008

Title: Ongoing nicotinic and non-nicotinic inputs to inhibitory neurons in the mouse colon.

Journal: Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20011001

Title: Assessment of the capillary zone electrophoretic behavior of proteins in the presence of electroosmotic modifiers: protein-polyamine interaction studied using a polyacrylamide-coated capillary.

Journal: Electrophoresis 20011001

Title: [Interactions of histamine and glucocorticoids with nerve structures of respiration passages].

Journal: Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova 20011001

Title: Thermogenesis induced by intravenous infusion of hypertonic solutions in the rat.

Journal: The Journal of physiology 20010901

Title: Novel hypotensive agents from Verbesina caracasana. 8. Synthesis and pharmacology of (3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-N(1)-agmatine and synthetic analogues.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry 20010830

Title: 1966 and all that-when is a literature search done?

Journal: Lancet (London, England) 20010825

Title: Johns Hopkins troubles raise trial questions.

Journal: Current biology : CB 20010821

Title: Characterization of vagal input to the rat esophageal muscle.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20010813

Title: Second US institute investigates use of drug in asthma trial.

Journal: BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 20010811

Title: Death at Johns Hopkins.

Journal: Science (New York, N.Y.) 20010810

Title: Acute cold exposure induces vagally mediated Fos expression in gastric myenteric neurons in conscious rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20010801

Title: Cardiovascular effects of beta 3-adrenoceptor stimulation in perinephritic hypertension.

Journal: European journal of clinical investigation 20010801

Title: Trials suspended due to death at Hopkins.

Journal: Nature medicine 20010801

Title: The effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on catecholamine release in the pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).

Journal: General and comparative endocrinology 20010801

Title: Tachykinin NK(2) receptors and enhancement of cholinergic transmission in the inflamed rat colon: an in vivo motility study.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20010801

Title: Medicine. Dying for science.

Journal: Newsweek 20010730

Title: Clues of asthma study risks may have been overlooked.

Journal: The New York times on the Web 20010727

Title: 1978 study had troubles like fatal Hopkins test.

Journal: The New York times on the Web 20010726

Title: Johns Hopkins takes responsibility for volunteer's death.

Journal: Lancet (London, England) 20010721

Title: Clinical research. Procedures faulted in fatal asthma trial.

Journal: Science (New York, N.Y.) 20010720

Title: Johns Hopkins death brings halt to U.S.-financed human studies.

Journal: The New York times on the Web 20010720

Title: Johns Hopkins admits fault in fatal experiment.

Journal: The New York times on the Web 20010717

Title: Role of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in the sympathetic inhibition of motility reflexes of guinea-pig ileum.

Journal: The Journal of physiology 20010715

Title: Contribution of central amiloride-sensitive transport systems to the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Journal: Brain research 20010706

Title: Nicotinic receptors involved in gastric noradrenaline release evoked by electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve in rats.

Journal: European journal of pharmacology 20010706

Title: Neural regulation of in vitro giant contractions in the rat colon.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20010701

Title: Involvement of nerves and calcium channels in the intestinal response to Clostridium difficile toxin A: an experimental study in rats in vivo.

Journal: Gut 20010701

Title: Disturbance of the prejunctional modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission during chronic granulomatous inflammation of the mouse ileum.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20010701

Title: Nitric oxide synthases in vagal neurons are crucial for the regulation of heart rate in awake dogs.

Journal: Basic research in cardiology 20010701

Title: Healthy volunteer dies in US physiology study.

Journal: Lancet (London, England) 20010630

Title: Human subjects. Volunteer's death prompts review.

Journal: Science (New York, N.Y.) 20010622

Title: Asthma study death spurs inquiry.

Journal: Nature 20010621

Title: Adrenergic vasoconstrictor activity in the cerebral circulation after inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in conscious goats.

Journal: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20010620

Title: Spinal proerectile effect of oxytocin in anesthetized rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20010601

Title: Evidence that extrapancreatic GLUT2-dependent glucose sensors control glucagon secretion.

Journal: Diabetes 20010601

Title: Neuronal control of the pyloric sphincter of the guinea-pig.

Journal: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20010601

Title: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands differently affect cytochrome oxidase in the Honeybee brain.

Journal: Neuroscience letters 20010518

Title: In vitro effects of nicotine on mitochondrial respiration and superoxide anion generation.

Journal: Brain research 20010504

Title: Intracisternal TRH analog induces Fos expression in gastric myenteric neurons and glia in conscious rats.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20010501

Title: Endogenous opioids suppress activation of nociceptors by sub-nanomolar nicotine.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20010501

Title: Effect of vincristine on gastric motility in conscious rats.

Journal: Digestive diseases and sciences 20010501

Title: A pertussis toxin-sensitive 8-lipoxygenase pathway is activated by a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in aplysia neurons.

Journal: Journal of neurophysiology 20010501

Title: Localisation and neural control of the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the isolated perfused porcine ileum.

Journal: Regulatory peptides 20010420

Title: Barium-stimulated chemosensory activity may not reflect inhibition of background voltage-insensitive K+ channels in the rat carotid body.

Journal: Brain research 20010406

Title: Evidence for a form of adrenergic response to stress in the mollusc Crassostrea gigas.

Journal: The Journal of experimental biology 20010401

Title: Effect of vanilloid drugs on gastrointestinal transit in mice.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20010401

Title: Heterogeneity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in 5-HT-containing chemoreceptor cells of the chicken aorta.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20010401

Title: Effects of two newly synthesized analogues of lidocaine on rat arterial blood pressure and heart rate.

Journal: Pharmacological research 20010401

Title: Hexamethonium-type allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptors bearing lateral dibenzazepine moieties.

Journal: Archiv der Pharmazie 20010401

Title: Effect of cholinergic agonists on resting membrane potential of earthworm body wall muscle cells.

Journal: Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20010401

Title: Low intensity spinal cord stimulation may induce cutaneous vasodilation via CGRP release.

Journal: Brain research 20010330

Title: Tachykinin-dependent and -independent components of peristalsis in the guinea pig isolated distal colon.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20010301

Title: Effect of an ET(B)-selective and a mixed ET(A/B) endothelin receptor antagonist on venomotor tone in deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension.

Journal: Journal of hypertension 20010301

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