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516-35-8,MFCD00232922
Catalog No.:AA00D7WR

516-35-8 | Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid

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50mg
98%
in stock  
$118.00   $83.00
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100mg
98%
in stock  
$211.00   $148.00
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250mg
98%
in stock  
$272.00   $190.00
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1g
98%
in stock  
$665.00   $465.00
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5g
98%
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$2,182.00   $1,528.00
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25g
98%
in stock  
$7,486.00   $5,240.00
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  • Technical Information
  • Properties
  • Literature
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  • Technical Information
  • Properties
  • Literature
Technical Information
Catalog Number:
AA00D7WR
Chemical Name:
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid
CAS Number:
516-35-8
Molecular Formula:
C26H45NO6S
Molecular Weight:
499.7036
MDL Number:
MFCD00232922
SMILES:
O[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@@H](C1)C[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)C)C)O)C
Properties
Properties
 
Storage:
Keep in dry area;Room Temperature;  

Computed Properties
 
Complexity:
858  
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:
1  
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:
10  
Heavy Atom Count:
34  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:
6  
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:
4  
Rotatable Bond Count:
7  
XLogP3:
3.6  

Literature

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuates gentamicin-induced cochlear hair cell death in vitro.

Journal: Toxicology letters 20180915

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology 20180201

Title: Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation.

Journal: Inflammatory bowel diseases 20161001

Title: Nicotine Directly Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Rat Placental Trophoblast Giant Cells.

Journal: Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 20160501

Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in 2,4-dichlorophenol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Journal: The Journal of toxicological sciences 20160101

Title: Decreased bile-acid synthesis in livers of hepatocyte-conditional NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-null mice results in increased bile acids in serum.

Journal: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20141001

Title: Toxicity and intracellular accumulation of bile acids in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes: role of glycine conjugates.

Journal: Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 20140301

Title: Prenatal ethanol exposure causes glucose intolerance with increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and histone deacetylases in adult rat offspring: reversal by tauroursodeoxycholic acid.

Journal: PloS one 20130101

Title: Ursodeoxycholic acid but not tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits proliferation and differentiation of human subcutaneous adipocytes.

Journal: PloS one 20130101

Title: TGF-β-SMAD3 signaling mediates hepatic bile acid and phospholipid metabolism following lithocholic acid-induced liver injury.

Journal: Journal of lipid research 20121201

Title: Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein (MCPIP) promotes inflammatory angiogenesis via sequential induction of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.

Journal: Cellular signalling 20121101

Title: ER stress in the brain subfornical organ mediates angiotensin-dependent hypertension.

Journal: The Journal of clinical investigation 20121101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid enhances the pre-implantation embryo development by reducing apoptosis in pigs.

Journal: Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 20121001

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Journal: Molecular neurobiology 20121001

Title: Affinity capillary electrophoresis method for investigation of bile salts complexation with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin.

Journal: Journal of separation science 20121001

Title: Utilization of metabolomics to identify serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Journal: Analytica chimica acta 20120919

Title: Apolipoprotein E4 impairs macrophage efferocytosis and potentiates apoptosis by accelerating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry 20120810

Title: The nephroprotective effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Journal: Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20120701

Title: Reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress does not improve steatohepatitis in mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20120701

Title: A novel role for epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and its downstream endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiac damage and microvascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Journal: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20120701

Title: Chronic inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation prevents ischaemia-induced vascular pathology in type II diabetic mice.

Journal: The Journal of pathology 20120601

Title: Chemical chaperone TUDCA preserves cone photoreceptors in a mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis.

Journal: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20120601

Title: Doxycycline plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid for transthyretin amyloidosis: a phase II study.

Journal: Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis 20120601

Title: Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry 20120524

Title: Glucose-induced beta cell dysfunction in vivo in rats: link between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Journal: Diabetologia 20120501

Title: Celecoxib and tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid co-treatment inhibits cell growth in familial adenomatous polyposis derived LT97 colon adenoma cells.

Journal: Experimental cell research 20120415

Title: Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on porcine oocyte maturation and parthenogenetic embryonic development in vitro.

Journal: Biology of reproduction 20120401

Title: Influenza A viral replication is blocked by inhibition of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) stress pathway.

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry 20120210

Title: In vitro and in silico strategies to identify OATP1B1 inhibitors and predict clinical drug-drug interactions.

Journal: Pharmaceutical research 20120201

Title: Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress using chemical chaperones or Grp78 overexpression does not protect muscle cells from palmitate-induced insulin resistance.

Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20120106

Title: c-Jun regulates the stability of anti-apoptotic ΔNp63 in amyloid-β-induced apoptosis.

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 20120101

Title: TUDCA slows retinal degeneration in two different mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa and prevents obesity in Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 1 mice.

Journal: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20120101

Title: MCP-1 induced protein promotes adipogenesis via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.

Journal: Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 20120101

Title: Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress improves mouse embryo development.

Journal: PloS one 20120101

Title: Effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid on adjuvant arthritis in rats.

Journal: International immunopharmacology 20111201

Title: A placental phenotype for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Journal: Placenta 20111201

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, acinar cell damage, and systemic inflammation in acute pancreatitis.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20111101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by suppression of ERK via PKCα-mediated MKP-1 induction.

Journal: Cardiovascular research 20111101

Title: Complexation of tauro- and glyco-conjugated bile salts with α-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis and molecular modelling.

Journal: Journal of separation science 20111101

Title: Cholesterol-derived bile acids enhance the chaperone activity of α-crystallins.

Journal: Cell stress & chaperones 20110901

Title: Functional analysis of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2).

Journal: Pharmacogenetics and genomics 20110801

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents retinal degeneration in transgenic P23H rats.

Journal: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20110701

Title: A new model for portal protein profile analysis in course of ileal intraluminal bile acid infusion using an in situ perfused rat intestine.

Journal: Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) 20110701

Title: Structure-function analysis of the tertiary bile acid TUDCA for the resolution of endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal epithelial cells.

Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20110617

Title: FFA-induced adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance: involvement of ER stress and IKKβ pathways.

Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20110301

Title: The chemical chaperones tauroursodeoxycholic and 4-phenylbutyric acid accelerate thyroid hormone activation and energy expenditure.

Journal: FEBS letters 20110204

Title: Quantitative analysis of cholesterol nucleation with time in supersaturated model bile.

Journal: Chemistry and physics of lipids 20110201

Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is a mediator of posttransplant injury in severely steatotic liver allografts.

Journal: Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society 20110201

Title: Endoplasmic reticulum chaperon tauroursodeoxycholic acid alleviates obesity-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction.

Journal: Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 20110101

Title: Constituents of bile, bilirubin and TUDCA, protect against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration.

Journal: Journal of neurochemistry 20110101

Title: The evolution of farnesoid X, vitamin D, and pregnane X receptors: insights from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis) and other non-mammalian species.

Journal: BMC biochemistry 20110101

Title: [Evaluation on hepatotoxicity caused by Dioscorea bulbifera based on analysis of bile acids].

Journal: Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20110101

Title: Cattle bile aggravates diclofenac sodium-induced small intestinal injury in mice.

Journal: Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20110101

Title: Amyloid-β peptide-induced secretion of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone glycoprotein GRP94.

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 20110101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) protects photoreceptors from cell death after experimental retinal detachment.

Journal: PloS one 20110101

Title: Enteric microbiome metabolites correlate with response to simvastatin treatment.

Journal: PloS one 20110101

Title: Ursodeoxycholic acid is conjugated with taurine to promote secretin-stimulated biliary hydrocholeresis in the normal rat.

Journal: PloS one 20110101

Title: Cardiac-specific overexpression of catalase attenuates paraquat-induced myocardial geometric and contractile alteration: role of ER stress.

Journal: Free radical biology & medicine 20101215

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholate counteracts hepatocellular lysis induced by tensioactive bile salts by preventing plasma membrane-micelle transition.

Journal: Chemico-biological interactions 20101205

Title: DsbA-L alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced adiponectin downregulation.

Journal: Diabetes 20101101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, trypsin activation, and acinar cell apoptosis while increasing secretion in rat pancreatic acini.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20101001

Title: Inhibition of interferon-α-induced signaling by hyperosmolarity and hydrophobic bile acids.

Journal: Biological chemistry 20101001

Title: Hydrophobic bile salts inhibit gallbladder smooth muscle function via stimulation of GPBAR1 receptors and activation of KATP channels.

Journal: The Journal of physiology 20100901

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid may improve liver and muscle but not adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in obese men and women.

Journal: Diabetes 20100801

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), chemical chaperone, enhances function of islets by reducing ER stress.

Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20100709

Title: Regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 by calcium signaling in mouse liver.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20100701

Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition protects steatotic and non-steatotic livers in partial hepatectomy under ischemia-reperfusion.

Journal: Cell death & disease 20100701

Title: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dysregulation of cardiac energetics in a mouse model of biliary fibrosis.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20100601

Title: Ursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid suppress choroidal neovascularization in a laser-treated rat model.

Journal: Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20100601

Title: Do food microemulsions and dietary mixed micelles interact?

Journal: Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 20100501

Title: Bile acids for liver-transplanted patients.

Journal: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20100317

Title: Interpreting metabolomic profiles using unbiased pathway models.

Journal: PLoS computational biology 20100201

Title: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis during induced cholestasis ameliorates hepatocellular injury by facilitating S-nitrosothiol homeostasis.

Journal: Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 20100101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuates lipid accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum-stressed macrophages.

Journal: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20100101

Title: Synergy of combined doxycycline/TUDCA treatment in lowering Transthyretin deposition and associated biomarkers: studies in FAP mouse models.

Journal: Journal of translational medicine 20100101

Title: Modulation of amyloid-β peptide-induced toxicity through inhibition of JNK nuclear localization and caspase-2 activation.

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 20100101

Title: Apoptosis-associated microRNAs are modulated in mouse, rat and human neural differentiation.

Journal: BMC genomics 20100101

Title: Bile acid-induced virulence gene expression of Vibrio parahaemolyticus reveals a novel therapeutic potential for bile acid sequestrants.

Journal: PloS one 20100101

Title: Changes in hepatic gene expression upon oral administration of taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid in ob/ob mice.

Journal: PloS one 20100101

Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic hearts abolishes erythropoietin-induced myocardial protection by impairment of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3beta-mediated suppression of mitochondrial permeability transition.

Journal: Diabetes 20091201

Title: Prevention of Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin-induced apoptotic cell death by tauroursodeoxycholic acid.

Journal: Biochemistry 20090929

Title: Autophagy-mediated insulin receptor down-regulation contributes to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced insulin resistance.

Journal: Molecular pharmacology 20090901

Title: Bile acid-induced epidermal growth factor receptor activation in quiescent rat hepatic stellate cells can trigger both proliferation and apoptosis.

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry 20090814

Title: Apoptosis and modulation of cell cycle control by bile acids in human leukemia T cells.

Journal: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20090801

Title: Thermodynamics and structure of inclusion compounds of tauro- and glyco-conjugated bile salts and beta-cyclodextrin.

Journal: Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 20090707

Title: Differential effects of silymarin and its active component silibinin on plasma membrane stability and hepatocellular lysis.

Journal: Chemico-biological interactions 20090515

Title: Killing of rat basophilic leukemia cells by lethal toxin from Clostridium sordellii: critical role of phosphatidylinositide 3'-OH kinase/Akt signaling.

Journal: Biochemistry 20090303

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents E22Q Alzheimer's Abeta toxicity in human cerebral endothelial cells.

Journal: Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 20090301

Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a central role in development of leptin resistance.

Journal: Cell metabolism 20090107

Title: Mouse Bsep ATPase assay: a nonradioactive tool for assessment of the cholestatic potential of drugs.

Journal: Journal of biomolecular screening 20090101

Title: Cloning and molecular characterization of apical efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCB11 and ABCC2) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes.

Journal: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20081211

Title: Determination of intralumenal individual bile acids by HPLC with charged aerosol detection.

Journal: Journal of lipid research 20081201

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid exerts anticholestatic effects by a cooperative cPKC alpha-/PKA-dependent mechanism in rat liver.

Journal: Gut 20081001

Title: Anti-apoptotic treatment reduces transthyretin deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20080901

Title: TUDCA prevents cholestasis and canalicular damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat, modulating PKCalpha-ezrin pathway.

Journal: Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation 20080801

Title: Retrieval of the rat canalicular conjugate export pump Mrp2 is associated with a rearrangement of actin filaments and radixin in bile salt-induced cholestasis.

Journal: European journal of medical research 20080728

Title: Cytoprotective effect of tauroursodeoxycholate on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand.

Journal: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 20080701

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: relieving the pathogenesis of HFE C282Y hereditary hemochromatosis.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20080701

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid and secondary damage after spinal cord injury in rats.

Journal: Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 20080601

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid preservation of photoreceptor structure and function in the rd10 mouse through postnatal day 30.

Journal: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20080501

Title: Novel potent and selective bile acid derivatives as TGR5 agonists: biological screening, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling studies.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry 20080327

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces bile acid-induced apoptosis by modulation of AP-1.

Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20080227

Title: ER and oxidative stresses are common mediators of apoptosis in both neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders and are alleviated by chemical chaperones.

Journal: Human molecular genetics 20080215

Title: Bile acids and apoptosis modulation: an emerging role in experimental Alzheimer's disease.

Journal: Trends in molecular medicine 20080201

Title: Estimation of cholesterol solubilization by a mixed micelle binding model in aqueous tauroursodeoxycholate:lecithin:cholesterol solutions.

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 20080101

Title: Taurolithocholic acid-3 sulfate impairs insulin signaling in cultured rat hepatocytes and perfused rat liver.

Journal: Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 20080101

Title: Effect of taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid on endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products in cultured mouse podocytes.

Journal: American journal of nephrology 20080101

Title: Bile acids for viral hepatitis.

Journal: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20071017

Title: Role of 57-72 loop in the allosteric action of bile salts on pancreatic IB phospholipase A(2): regulation of fat and cholesterol homeostasis.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20071001

Title: Complexation of tauro- and glyco-conjugated bile salts with three neutral beta-CDs studied by ACE.

Journal: Electrophoresis 20071001

Title: Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Adipocyte stress: the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolic disease.

Journal: Journal of lipid research 20070901

Title: Cellular osmolytes reduce lens epithelial cell death and alleviate cataract formation in galactosemic rats.

Journal: Molecular vision 20070810

Title: Simple and quantitative analysis of urinary sulfated tauro- and glycodihydroxycholic acids in infant with cholestasis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Journal: Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 20070801

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis induced by Z alpha-1 antitrypsin via inhibition of Bad.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20070801

Title: Differential regulation of cyclin D1 and cell death by bile acids in primary rat hepatocytes.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20070701

Title: Downregulation of p63 upon exposure to bile salts and acid in normal and cancer esophageal cells in culture.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20070701

Title: Structural basis for bile salt inhibition of pancreatic phospholipase A2.

Journal: Journal of molecular biology 20070601

Title: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase facilitates bile acid-induced Ca(2+) responses in pancreatic acinar cells.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20070301

Title: Bile salts induce resistance to apoptosis through NF-kappaB-mediated XIAP expression.

Journal: Annals of surgery 20070301

Title: A new oral formulation for the release of sodium butyrate in the ileo-cecal region and colon.

Journal: World journal of gastroenterology 20070221

Title: Regulation of the human mucin MUC4 by taurodeoxycholic and taurochenodeoxycholic bile acids in oesophageal cancer cells is mediated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha.

Journal: The Biochemical journal 20070215

Title: Human multidrug resistance protein 2 transports the therapeutic bile salt tauroursodeoxycholate.

Journal: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20070201

Title: Hydrophobic bile salts induce hepatocyte shrinkage via NADPH oxidase activation.

Journal: Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 20070101

Title: Administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) reduces apoptosis following myocardial infarction in rat.

Journal: The American journal of Chinese medicine 20070101

Title: Expression of hereditary hemochromatosis C282Y HFE protein in HEK293 cells activates specific endoplasmic reticulum stress responses.

Journal: BMC cell biology 20070101

Title: Tool from ancient pharmacopoeia prevents vision loss.

Journal: Molecular vision 20061229

Title: Chenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodexycholic acid induce anti-apoptotic cIAP-1 expression in human hepatocytes.

Journal: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 20061201

Title: [Experimental study of the permeability of Fel Ursi's in eye].

Journal: [Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology 20061101

Title: Functional modulation of nuclear steroid receptors by tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces amyloid beta-peptide-induced apoptosis.

Journal: Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 20061001

Title: Use of novel cationic bile salts in cholesterol crystallization and solubilization in vitro.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20061001

Title: [Bile salts induce differentiation in cultured human normal esophageal mucosal epithelial cells].

Journal: Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 20060912

Title: The mechanism of ABCG5/ABCG8 in biliary cholesterol secretion in mice.

Journal: Journal of lipid research 20060901

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid modulates p53-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease mutant neuroblastoma cells.

Journal: Journal of neurochemistry 20060901

Title: Chemical chaperones reduce ER stress and restore glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.

Journal: Science (New York, N.Y.) 20060825

Title: Influence of Verapamil and Cyclosporin A on bile acid metabolism and transport in rat liver slices.

Journal: Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie 20060801

Title: Characterization of fasted-state human intestinal fluids collected from duodenum and jejunum.

Journal: The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20060801

Title: Galactosamine prevents ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis.

Journal: Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 20060601

Title: Binding studies of bile acids using the native fluorescence of the tryptophan residue Of Bax protein.

Journal: Bioscience reports 20060601

Title: Single-step analysis of individual conjugated bile acids in human bile using 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Journal: Lipids 20060601

Title: Indomethacin enhances bile salt detergent activity: relevance for NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury.

Journal: Digestive diseases and sciences 20060401

Title: Bile acid transport and metabolism in rat liver slices.

Journal: Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie 20060301

Title: c-Met responsiveness of isolated hepatocytes evaluated in an in vitro de-differentiation model.

Journal: International journal of molecular medicine 20060301

Title: Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase hydrolyses and inactivates platelet-activating factor by a phospholipase C activity.

Journal: The Biochemical journal 20060215

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inserts the bile salt export pump into canalicular membranes of cholestatic rat liver.

Journal: Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 20060201

Title: Ca2+-dependent cytoprotective effects of ursodeoxycholic and tauroursodeoxycholic acid on the biliary epithelium in a rat model of cholestasis and loss of bile ducts.

Journal: The American journal of pathology 20060201

Title: Micellization of conjugated chenodeoxy- and ursodeoxycholates and solubilization of cholesterol into their micelles: comparison with other four conjugated bile salts species.

Journal: Chemistry and physics of lipids 20060101

Title: Uptake of ursodeoxycholate and its conjugates by human hepatocytes: role of Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 (OATP-C), and oatp1B3 (OATP8).

Journal: Molecular pharmaceutics 20060101

Title: Lack of interaction between tauroursodeoxycholate and ATP-binding cassette transporter isoform G2 (ABCG2).

Journal: Molecular pharmaceutics 20060101

Title: Effect of tamoxifen and raloxifene on the conjugation of bile acids with taurine and glycine in ovariectomized rats.

Journal: Pharmacological reports : PR 20060101

Title: Similar patterns of mitochondrial vulnerability and rescue induced by genetic modification of alpha-synuclein, parkin, and DJ-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry 20051230

Title: [Effect of taurochenodeoxycholic acid on immune function in mice].

Journal: Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20051201

Title: Bile salts inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of culture human normal esophageal mucosal epithelial cells.

Journal: World journal of gastroenterology 20051107

Title: Modeling K(m) values using electrotopological state: substrates for cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated metabolism.

Journal: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20050915

Title: Bile salts inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cell line.

Journal: World journal of gastroenterology 20050907

Title: Human hepatic mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species and undergo the permeability transition in response to hydrophobic bile acids.

Journal: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 20050801

Title: Bile acids for liver-transplanted patients.

Journal: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20050720

Title: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling modulates taurochenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver injury and cholestasis in perfused rat livers.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20050701

Title: Activation of CREB by tauroursodeoxycholic acid protects cholangiocytes from apoptosis induced by mTOR inhibition.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20050601

Title: Interferon-alpha-induced modulation of glucocorticoid and serotonin receptors as a mechanism of depression.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20050601

Title: A distinct microarray gene expression profile in primary rat hepatocytes incubated with ursodeoxycholic acid.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20050601

Title: Biliary excretion of olmesartan, an anigotensin II receptor antagonist, in the rat.

Journal: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 20050501

Title: Gap junctional intercellular communication is not needed for the anticholestatic effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid in mouse liver.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20050401

Title: Inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor production in human fibroblasts by ursodeoxycholic acid.

Journal: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20050401

Title: A nuclear receptor ligand down-regulates cytosolic phospholipase A2 expression to reduce bile acid-induced cyclooxygenase 2 activity in cholangiocytes: implications of anticarcinogenic action of farnesoid X receptor agonists.

Journal: Digestive diseases and sciences 20050301

Title: Cloning of alkaline sphingomyelinase from rat intestinal mucosa and adjusting of the hypothetical protein XP_221184 in GenBank.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20050221

Title: Cholestatic bile acids inhibit gap junction permeability in rat hepatocyte couplets and normal rat cholangiocytes.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20050201

Title: Vectorial transport of bile salts across MDCK cells expressing both rat Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide and rat bile salt export pump.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20050101

Title: Signaling modulation of bile salt-induced necrosis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Journal: Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 20050101

Title: Bifidobacterium animalis strain DN-173 010 hydrolyses bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs.

Journal: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 20041201

Title: The bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid modulates phosphorylation and translocation of bad via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in glutamate-induced apoptosis of rat cortical neurons.

Journal: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20041101

Title: Involvement of the Src family kinase yes in bile salt-induced apoptosis.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20041101

Title: Effects of colchicine on the maximum biliary excretion of cholephilic compounds in rats.

Journal: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 20040901

Title: Inhibition of the E2F-1/p53/Bax pathway by tauroursodeoxycholic acid in amyloid beta-peptide-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells.

Journal: Journal of neurochemistry 20040801

Title: Acid and bile salts induce DNA damage in human oesophageal cell lines.

Journal: Mutagenesis 20040701

Title: Effects of secretagogues and bile acids on mitochondrial membrane potential of pancreatic acinar cells: comparison of different modes of evaluating DeltaPsim.

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry 20040625

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholate inhibits human cholangiocarcinoma growth via Ca2+-, PKC-, and MAPK-dependent pathways.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20040601

Title: Differential regulation of cytosolic and peroxisomal bile acid amidation by PPAR alpha activation favors the formation of unconjugated bile acids.

Journal: Journal of lipid research 20040601

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid protects rat hepatocytes from bile acid-induced apoptosis via activation of survival pathways.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20040601

Title: Lack of biliary lipid excretion in the little skate, Raja erinacea, indicates the absence of functional Mdr2, Abcg5, and Abcg8 transporters.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20040501

Title: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in combined bile acid-induced cytotoxicity: the switch between apoptosis and necrosis.

Journal: Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 20040501

Title: Bile acids induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines.

Journal: Carcinogenesis 20040301

Title: [Deoxycholic acid-induced signal transduction in HT-29 cells: role of NF-kappa B and interleukin-8].

Journal: The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi 20040301

Title: Toxicity of ethanol and acetaldehyde in hepatocytes treated with ursodeoxycholic or tauroursodeoxycholic acid.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20040202

Title: Alteration of the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation.

Journal: Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 20040201

Title: Role of PGE2 on gallbladder muscle cytoprotection of guinea pigs.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20040101

Title: Unique inhibition of bile salt-induced apoptosis by lecithins and cytoprotective bile salts in immortalized mouse cholangiocytes.

Journal: Digestive diseases and sciences 20031201

Title: Substrate specificities of rat oatp1 and ntcp: implications for hepatic organic anion uptake.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20031101

Title: Bile salt-induced hepatocyte apoptosis involves epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent CD95 tyrosine phosphorylation.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20030901

Title: Resistance of rat hepatocytes against bile acid-induced apoptosis in cholestatic liver injury is due to nuclear factor-kappa B activation.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20030801

Title: Cotransport of reduced glutathione with bile salts by MRP4 (ABCC4) localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20030801

Title: Ursodeoxycholate reduces ethinylestradiol glucuronidation in the rat: role in prevention of estrogen-induced cholestasis.

Journal: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20030701

Title: Binding mode of 6ECDCA, a potent bile acid agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Journal: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20030602

Title: Effect of drugs on cholesterol crystallization in an artificial bile model and relation of this effect to drug binding to albumin.

Journal: Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 20030601

Title: Taurolithocholic acid exerts cholestatic effects via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanisms in perfused rat livers and rat hepatocyte couplets.

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry 20030516

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces apoptosis and protects against neurological injury after acute hemorrhagic stroke in rats.

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20030513

Title: Involvement of integrins and Src in tauroursodeoxycholate-induced and swelling-induced choleresis.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20030501

Title: [Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid on cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells].

Journal: Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 20030501

Title: Steroid and bile acid conjugates are substrates of human multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) 4 (ATP-binding cassette C4).

Journal: The Biochemical journal 20030415

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents Bax-induced membrane perturbation and cytochrome C release in isolated mitochondria.

Journal: Biochemistry 20030318

Title: Effects of bile acids on biliary epithelial cells: proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine secretion.

Journal: Life sciences 20030207

Title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-mediated regulation of multidrug resistance 2 (Mdr2) expression and function in mice.

Journal: The Biochemical journal 20030201

Title: Bile salts potentiate adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP-regulated secretion in human gallbladder epithelium.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20030201

Title: Taurohyodeoxycholate- and tauroursodeoxycholate-induced hypercholeresis is augmented in bile duct ligated rats.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20030201

Title: Transport of bile acids in multidrug-resistance-protein 3-overexpressing cells co-transfected with the ileal Na+-dependent bile-acid transporter.

Journal: The Biochemical journal 20030101

Title: Bile acids for viral hepatitis.

Journal: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20030101

Title: Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induced biphasic hepatotoxicity in isolated perfused rat liver: roles of Ca2+ and calpain.

Journal: Hepato-gastroenterology 20030101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents amyloid-beta peptide-induced neuronal death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway.

Journal: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 20030101

Title: Effects of bile acids on dog pancreatic duct epithelial cell secretion and monolayer resistance.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20021101

Title: The human bile salt export pump: characterization of substrate specificity and identification of inhibitors.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20021101

Title: Functional expression of the canalicular bile salt export pump of human liver.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20021101

Title: Cholesterol crystallite nucleation in supersaturated model biles from a thermodynamic standpoint.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20021009

Title: Effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced caspase-12 activation.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20020901

Title: Bile acids mimic oxidative stress induced upregulation of thioredoxin reductase in colon cancer cell lines.

Journal: Carcinogenesis 20020801

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in the prevention of total parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease.

Journal: The Journal of pediatrics 20020801

Title: Solubilization of drugs by physiological mixtures of bile salts.

Journal: Pharmaceutical research 20020801

Title: Effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic bile salt mixtures on cholesterol crystallization in model biles.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20020711

Title: Effects of bile acids on the muscle functions of guinea pig gallbladder.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20020701

Title: Hepatoprotection with tauroursodeoxycholate and beta muricholate against taurolithocholate induced cholestasis: involvement of signal transduction pathways.

Journal: Gut 20020701

Title: Ursodeoxycholic acid diminishes Fas-ligand-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20020701

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces damaging effects of taurodeoxycholic acid on fundus gastric mucosa.

Journal: Archives of physiology and biochemistry 20020701

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid mobilizes alpha-PKC after uptake in human HepG2 hepatoma cells.

Journal: European journal of clinical investigation 20020601

Title: Ursodeoxycholate and tauroursodeoxycholate inhibit cholangiocyte growth and secretion of BDL rats through activation of PKC alpha.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20020501

Title: Neuroprotection by a bile acid in an acute stroke model in the rat.

Journal: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 20020401

Title: Purification, characterization, and expression of rat intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase.

Journal: Journal of lipid research 20020201

Title: Comparative cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects of taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in HepG2 cell line.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20020130

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves the survival and function of nigral transplants in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Journal: Cell transplantation 20020101

Title: High metabolic function of primary human and porcine hepatocytes in a polyurethane foam/spheroid culture system in plasma from patients with fulminant hepatic failure.

Journal: Cell transplantation 20020101

Title: Bile salt tauroursodeoxycholic acid modulation of Bax translocation to mitochondria protects the liver from warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.

Journal: Transplantation 20011215

Title: Bile-salt hydrophobicity is a key factor regulating rat liver plasma-membrane communication: relation to bilayer structure, fluidity and transporter expression and function.

Journal: The Biochemical journal 20011101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid protects hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats against tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death by replenishing mitochondrial glutathione.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20011101

Title: Indirect evidence that intestinal bile salt absorption in rats and hamsters is under positive feedback control.

Journal: Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie 20011101

Title: A bile acid protects against motor and cognitive deficits and reduces striatal degeneration in the 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntington's disease.

Journal: Experimental neurology 20011001

Title: Phenotypic characterization of Lith genes that determine susceptibility to cholesterol cholelithiasis in inbred mice: soluble pronucleating proteins in gallbladder and hepatic biles.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20011001

Title: Micronuclei induction, cell cycle delay and apoptosis as markers of cellular stress caused by ursodeoxycholic acid in human lymphocytes.

Journal: Mutation research 20010822

Title: Stimulation of ATP secretion in the liver by therapeutic bile acids.

Journal: The Biochemical journal 20010815

Title: Cholesterol crystallization in model biles: effects of bile salt and phospholipid species composition.

Journal: Journal of lipid research 20010801

Title: Tauroursodesoxycholate-induced choleresis involves p38(MAPK) activation and translocation of the bile salt export pump in rats.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20010801

Title: Increased production of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in the absence of hyperlipidemia in transgenic mice expressing cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase.

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry 20010629

Title: The bile acid-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibits Fas apoptosis upstream of bid in rodent hepatocytes.

Journal: Gastroenterology 20010601

Title: Effect of sodium tauroursodeoxycholate on phalloidin-induced cholestasis in rats.

Journal: European journal of pharmacology 20010601

Title: Effect of bile acids on the proliferative activity and apoptosis of rat hepatocytes.

Journal: Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie 20010601

Title: Protective role of tauroursodeoxycholate during harvesting and cold storage of human liver: a pilot study in transplant recipients.

Journal: Transplantation 20010515

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid for the cytoprotection of liver grafts during cold storage: a new aspect of its anti-apoptotic properties?

Journal: Transplantation 20010515

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inserts the apical conjugate export pump, Mrp2, into canalicular membranes and stimulates organic anion secretion by protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms in cholestatic rat liver.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20010501

Title: Characterization of the mouse bile salt export pump overexpressed in the baculovirus system.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20010501

Title: The effect of absorption enhancers on the initial degradation kinetics of insulin by alpha-chymotrypsin.

Journal: International journal of pharmaceutics 20010417

Title: Characterization of bile acid transport mediated by multidrug resistance associated protein 2 and bile salt export pump.

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta 20010309

Title: Differences in Ca(2+) signaling underlie age-specific effects of secretagogues on colonic Cl(-) transport.

Journal: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 20010301

Title: Bile acid transport and regulating functions in the human biliary epithelium.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20010301

Title: Bile acids induce eosinophil degranulation by two different mechanisms.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20010301

Title: Reversal of multidrug resistance and increase in plasma membrane fluidity in CHO cells with R-verapamil and bile salts.

Journal: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 20010301

Title: Amyloid beta-peptide disrupts mitochondrial membrane lipid and protein structure: protective role of tauroursodeoxycholate.

Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20010223

Title: Effect of tauroursodeoxycholate and S-adenosyl-L-methionine on 17beta-estradiol glucuronide-induced cholestasis.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 20010201

Title: [Effects of bile acid preparations on DNA biosynthesis, apoptosis, and necrosis in hepatocytes in vitro].

Journal: Voprosy meditsinskoi khimii 20010101

Title: [Modulation by tauroursodeoxycholic acid of proliferation of the rat ischemic liver hepatocytes].

Journal: Voprosy meditsinskoi khimii 20010101

Title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid partially prevents apoptosis induced by 3-nitropropionic acid: evidence for a mitochondrial pathway independent of the permeability transition.

Journal: Journal of neurochemistry 20001201

Title: Substrate specificity of the rat liver Na(+)-bile salt cotransporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in CHO cells.

Journal: The American journal of physiology 19980201

Title: Expression and transport properties of the human ileal and renal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter.

Journal: The American journal of physiology 19980101

Title: Substrate specificity of sinusoidal bile acid and organic anion uptake systems in rat and human liver.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 19971201

Title: Improvement of estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide-induced cholestasis by sodium tauroursodeoxycholate therapy in rats.

Journal: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 19970901

Title: Differential effects between tauroursodeoxycholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acids in hepatic fibrosis: an assessment by primary cultured Ito and Kupffer cells from the rat liver.

Journal: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 19960501

Title: Therapeutic index of taurocholate or tauroursodeoxycholate in experimental drug-induced cholestasis.

Journal: The Italian journal of gastroenterology 19950101

Title: Synthesis and biological activity of bile acid-derived HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The role of 21-methyl in recognition of HMG-CoA reductase and the ileal bile acid transport system.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry 19940930

Title: Estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide-induced cholestasis. Effects of ursodeoxycholate-3-O-glucuronide and 3,7-disulfate.

Journal: Journal of hepatology 19930201

Title: Effects of bile salt infusion on chlorpromazine-induced cholestasis in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Journal: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 19920101

Title: Drug-induced cholestasis in the perfused rat liver and its reversal by tauroursodeoxycholate: an ultrastructural study.

Journal: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 19920101

Title: Estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide (E-17G) cholestasis in perfused rat liver: fate of E-17G and choleretic responses to bile salts.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 19900501

Title: Effect of chlorpromazine and erythromycin on bile salt-induced cholestasis in the rat.

Journal: Pharmacology 19790101

Title: Wang X, et al. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces NR8383 cells apoptosis via PKC/JNK-dependent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Sep 5;786:109-15.

Title: Zhou C, et al. The effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid in preventing pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2013 Jul;26(4):761-5.

Title: Uchida A, et al. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid ameliorates and ursodeoxycholic acid exacerbates small intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol. 1997 May;272(5 Pt 1):G1249-57.

Title: Liu M, et al. Effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Dec;11(12):2150-8.

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Tags:516-35-8 Molecular Formula|516-35-8 MDL|516-35-8 SMILES|516-35-8 Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid