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Convenient Preparation of Cycloalkenyl Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters

2019-12-03 09:18:32


Vivek Rauniyar , Huimin Zhai & Dennis G. Hall
Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

 

The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl or alkenyl boronic acids and esters is one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis,[1] and it has been tremendously utilized in the synthesis of natural products and bioactive molecules.[2] In this context, the analogous cycloalkenyl boronic acids and esters are also important coupling partners to access novel, polysubstituted alkenes. These boronic esters can, however, be forbiddingly expensive. (For example, the 2007 Aldrich price for 1 g of cyclohexenyl boronic acid pinacol ester is CDN$ 285) In general, cycloalkenyl boronates are accessed by Miyaura borylation of cycloalkenyl triflates or halides (Scheme 1).[3] The sensitive cycloalkenyl triflates are in turn obtained from the parent cycloalkanones using deprotonation and enolate quenching with expensive triflating agents.[4] Herein, we report a very convenient preparation and isolation of various cycloalkenyl boronic esters using the Shapiro reaction[5] of cycloalkylhydrazones and isolation of the corresponding cycloalkenyl boronic acids as their pinacol esters. Aside from one example where the organoboron product was not isolated, this appears to be the first report of preparation of cycloalkenyl boronic acid pinacol esters using a Shapiro protocol.[6]

 

The current methodology provides the requisite cycloalkenyl boronic esters in 65–90% overall yield for a two-step sequence.[7] While working on the modification of the diol scaffold utilized in the 2 SnCl4-catalyzed allylboration of aldehyde substrates (Scheme 2), we noticed that introduction of cycloalkyl groups in the ortho-position of the hydrobenzoin skeleton was crucial for obtaining homoallyl alcohol products in high enantioselectivities.[8] During our optimization efforts to generate various ring sizes on the diol catalyst 2, we required a rapid preparation of the corresponding cycloalkenyl boronic esters. The latter would serve to install various cycloalkyl rings at the ortho-position of the protected hydrobenzoin 1 by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling process.

 

A general preparation of cycloalkenyl boronic esters had to be economical and efficient. As such, we envisioned a cycloalkenyl anion capture of a boron-containing electrophile. To this end, we explored a
Shapiro reaction of the cycloalkyl hydrazones to generate cycloalkenyl anions. We anticipated that quenching of the generated anions with commercially available isopropoxy pinacol borate would allow for easier handling and for proper purification and characterization of the products as stable pinacol esters.

 

In the event, as shown in Scheme 3, cycloalkylhydrazones 4 were readily obtained as crystalline solids in almost quantitative yields by a simple addition=dehydration reaction with inexpensive hydrazide reagent 5 in refluxing absolute ethanol. The majority of cycloalkyl hydrazone substrates started to precipitate out when the reaction reached completion, after which the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath to allow for completion of crystallization. The freshly obtained cycloalkyl hydrazones 4 were suspended in hexanes followed by addition of N,Ntetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) (3 ml=mmol of hydrazone) and cooled to 78 C. This mixture was treated with 4 equivalents of n- BuLi, after which dinitrogen was extruded at room temperature during 1 to 2 h.

 

The resulting orange to red-brown solutions containing the corresponding cycloalkenyl anion equivalents were cooled to 78 C and treated with isopropoxypinacol borate 3 (Scheme 3), and the resulting products were easily purified by flash chromatography over silica gel. The resulting cycloalkenyl boronate products 6 are robust and can be stored for weeks without any observable decomposition. Table 1
illustrates the scope of this protocol. The majority of the products were obtained in good to excellent yields, and this chemistry appears to be general for the preparation of various ring sizes of cycloalkenyl
boronic esters from the corresponding cycloalkanones.


CONCLUSION
We have described a two-step sequence that provides easy access to cycloalkenyl boronic esters in good to excellent yields, and this methodology is readily scalable to multigram quantities. The intermediates are robust and can be stored for months without any observable degradation. Accordingly, expensive reagents including palladium catalyst, bis(pinacolato)diboron, and activating agents are avoided. As such, this method should find widespread application in the preparation of cycloalkenylboronic acid pinacol esters and their application in several types of cross-coupling reactions.

 

EXPERIMENTAL
General
All cycloalkanones were purchased from Aldrich or TCI America. TMEDA was purchased from Acros Organics in 2.5-L containers. Unless otherwise noted, all reactions were performed under an argon atmosphere using flame-dried glassware. TMEDA and hexane were distilled over CaH2. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on silica-gel 60 F254 plates and were visualized with UV light and KMnO4 stain. NMR spectra were recorded on 300-, 400-, or 500-MHz instruments. The residual solvent protons (1 H) or the solvent carbons (13C H) were used as internal standards. 1 H NMR data are presented as follows: chemical shift in parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane (multiplicity, coupling constant, integration). The following abbreviations are used in reporting NMR data: s, singlet; br s, broad singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; qt, quartet of triplets; dd, doublet of doublets; dt, doublet of triplets; AB, AB quartet; m, multiplet. High-resolution mass spectra were recorded by the University of Alberta Mass Spectrometry Services Laboratory using either electron impact (EI) or electrospray (ES) ionization techniques. Infrared spectra and optical rotations were recorded by the University of Alberta Department of Chemistry Spectral Services.

 

Compound 4a
p-Tolylsulfonylhydrazine (90.0 g, 0.48 mol) was added to a 250-mL flask equipped with a magnetic stirbar, and this white solid was suspended in 60 ml of absolute ethanol. Cyclopentanone (40.7 g, 0.48 mol) was added to this suspension, and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 100 C. After heating for 20 min, the mixture dissolved, and after another 20 min, a white solid corresponding to the hydrazone started crashing out. After heating for 1 h, the reaction mixture was cooled using an ice-water bath to precipitate out the majority of the hydrazone. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and was washed thoroughly with ice-cold ethanol. Air drying under reduced pressure for 1 h afforded 114 g of the required hydrazone in near quantitative yield as a white solid with identical spectral properties compared to literature.[9]
 

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A939572

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CAS No.:1032229-33-6 MDL No.:MFCD10698997

MF:C20H22ClN3O3 MW:387.8600

89-55-4

2-Bromo-5-iodobenzaldehyde

Catalog No.:AA0085UX

CAS No.:1032231-24-5 MDL No.:MFCD07779027

MF:C7H4BrIO MW:310.9145

89-55-4

5-Bromo-2-cyanobenzoic acid

Catalog No.:AA008YY7

CAS No.:1032231-28-9 MDL No.:MFCD15523585

MF:C8H4BrNO2 MW:226.0269

89-55-4

5-Bromo-2-cyanophenylboronic acid

Catalog No.:AA008SRF

CAS No.:1032231-30-3 MDL No.:MFCD10696674

MF:C7H5BBrNO2 MW:225.8351

89-55-4

3-Bromo-2-cyanophenylboronic acid

Catalog No.:AA007XUC

CAS No.:1032231-32-5 MDL No.:MFCD10696672

MF:C7H5BBrNO2 MW:225.8351

89-55-4

6-fluoro-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide

Catalog No.:AA01A4MS

CAS No.:1032251-82-3 MDL No.:MFCD19623921

MF:C8H9FN2O MW:168.1683

89-55-4

5-FLUORO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE SODIUM SALT

Catalog No.:AA008UHC

CAS No.:103226-10-4 MDL No.:MFCD16714828

MF:C9H10FN2Na2O8P MW:370.1360

89-55-4

4-(2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl)piperidine

Catalog No.:AA00H9XF

CAS No.:1032289-55-6 MDL No.:MFCD11858457

MF:C11H18N2 MW:178.2740

89-55-4

Perfluoro(4-methylpent-2-enoic acid)

Catalog No.:AA003TJV

CAS No.:103229-89-6 MDL No.:MFCD00153286

MF:C6HF9O2 MW:276.0566

89-55-4

Ethyl amino(3,5-dimethyl-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)acetate hydrochloride

Catalog No.:AA019K2X

CAS No.:1032298-75-1 MDL No.:MFCD08457599

MF:C16H19ClF3N3O2 MW:377.7892

89-55-4

D-(-)-Arabinose

Catalog No.:AA007XU9

CAS No.:10323-20-3 MDL No.:MFCD00135608

MF:C5H10O5 MW:150.1299

89-55-4

4-Bromo-2-tert-butylphenol

Catalog No.:AA008U6H

CAS No.:10323-39-4 MDL No.:MFCD00192645

MF:C10H13BrO MW:229.1136

89-55-4

3-Amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxlic acid hydrochloride

Catalog No.:AA01F26W

CAS No.:1032334-56-7 MDL No.:MFCD09431136

MF:C4H6ClN3O2 MW:163.5623

89-55-4

Fmoc-l-2,4-difluorophe

Catalog No.:AA009204

CAS No.:1032337-49-7 MDL No.:MFCD07371998

MF:C24H19F2NO4 MW:423.4088

89-55-4

Isopentyl 2-(3-oxo-2-piperazinyl)acetate

Catalog No.:AA01FO7H

CAS No.:1032338-42-3 MDL No.:MFCD08700370

MF:C11H20N2O3 MW:228.2881

89-55-4

Dimethyl 2-[(3-{[3-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-oxopropyl]amino}propyl)amino]succinate

Catalog No.:AA01FO8K

CAS No.:1032338-61-6 MDL No.:

MF:C15H26N2O8 MW:362.3755

89-55-4

tert-Butyl 1-(4-cyanophenyl)cyclobutylcarbamate

Catalog No.:AA0085US

CAS No.:1032349-97-5 MDL No.:MFCD15071414

MF:C16H20N2O2 MW:272.3422

89-55-4

tert-Butyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)cyclobutylcarbamate

Catalog No.:AA008TH6

CAS No.:1032350-06-3 MDL No.:MFCD18072661

MF:C15H20BrNO2 MW:326.2288

89-55-4

8-(4-(1-Aminocyclobutyl)phenyl)-9-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,6]naphthyridin-3(2h)-one dihydrochloride

Catalog No.:AA008TF8

CAS No.:1032350-13-2 MDL No.:MFCD14584463

MF:C25H23Cl2N5O MW:480.3890

89-55-4

3-Methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine

Catalog No.:AA008RST

CAS No.:1032358-00-1 MDL No.:MFCD07374972

MF:C12H18BNO2 MW:219.0878

89-55-4

3-Quinolinecarboxylicacid, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(3-oxo-1-piperazinyl)-

Catalog No.:AA0085UR

CAS No.:103237-52-1 MDL No.:MFCD04973643

MF:C17H16FN3O4 MW:345.3250

89-55-4

GLUTATHIONE DISODIUM SALT OXIDIZED FORM

Catalog No.:AA008RGI

CAS No.:103239-24-3 MDL No.:MFCD00148894

MF:C20H30N6Na2O12S2 MW:656.5947

89-55-4

(4-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methanol

Catalog No.:AA01BUUH

CAS No.:103245-31-4 MDL No.:MFCD22571686

MF:C5H7NO2 MW:113.1146

89-55-4

3-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1-methylindole

Catalog No.:AA003967

CAS No.:1032452-86-0 MDL No.:MFCD26397861

MF:C13H10ClN3 MW:243.6916

89-55-4

5-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine

Catalog No.:AA01AB5A

CAS No.:1032463-93-6 MDL No.:MFCD12104390

MF:C11H13N3S MW:219.3060

89-55-4

4-(4-BROMOPHENYL)-2-AZETIDINONE

Catalog No.:AA009LY3

CAS No.:103247-89-8 MDL No.:MFCD11849068

MF:C9H8BrNO MW:226.0699

89-55-4

1-{13-nitro-2-oxa-9-azatricyclo[9.4.0.0^{3,8}]pentadeca-1(11),3(8),4,6,12,14-hexaen-9-yl}ethan-1-one

Catalog No.:AA00IX10

CAS No.:103248-97-1 MDL No.:MFCD05669955

MF:C15H12N2O4 MW:284.2668

89-55-4

4-Methyl-2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid

Catalog No.:AA007HJV

CAS No.:103249-79-2 MDL No.:MFCD02682018

MF:C12H10N2O2 MW:214.2200

89-55-4

5-Acetylpyrimidine

Catalog No.:AA003CYW

CAS No.:10325-70-9 MDL No.:MFCD09038477

MF:C6H6N2O MW:122.1246

89-55-4

methyl 3-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}pentanoate

Catalog No.:AA01BVQN

CAS No.:1032506-51-6 MDL No.:MFCD08457624

MF:C11H21NO4 MW:231.2887

89-55-4

3-[4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzonitrile

Catalog No.:AA0093YG

CAS No.:1032506-84-5 MDL No.:MFCD08457045

MF:C14H7F4N MW:265.2057

89-55-4

4'-Fluoro-3'-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbaldehyde

Catalog No.:AA01BPGS

CAS No.:1032506-87-8 MDL No.:MFCD08457041

MF:C14H8F4O MW:268.2063

89-55-4

Methyl 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-oxobutanoate

Catalog No.:AA01F7JT

CAS No.:1032506-99-2 MDL No.:MFCD08457118

MF:C11H10F2O3 MW:228.1921

89-55-4

Methyl 4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-oxobutanoate

Catalog No.:AA01F303

CAS No.:1032507-14-4 MDL No.:MFCD08457138

MF:C11H11NO5 MW:237.2087

89-55-4

3-Amino-2-chloro-6-iodopyridine

Catalog No.:AA0093I2

CAS No.:1032507-20-2 MDL No.:MFCD11044245

MF:C5H4ClIN2 MW:254.4561

89-55-4

3-Fluoro-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide

Catalog No.:AA01B2V3

CAS No.:1032507-33-7 MDL No.:MFCD09800669

MF:C7H8FNO2S MW:189.2073

89-55-4

2-Bromo-4,6-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide

Catalog No.:AA01FCFK

CAS No.:1032507-43-9 MDL No.:MFCD09800659

MF:C6H4BrCl2NO2S MW:304.9765

89-55-4

4-Bromo-3-chlorobenzenesulfonamide

Catalog No.:AA0090XI

CAS No.:1032507-45-1 MDL No.:MFCD09800660

MF:C6H5BrClNO2S MW:270.5314

89-55-4

1-(1,1-Difluoroethyl)-2-iodobenzene

Catalog No.:AA00977R

CAS No.:1032507-55-3 MDL No.:MFCD10000931

MF:C8H7F2I MW:268.0425

89-55-4

(2-Morpholin-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Catalog No.:AA008VHH

CAS No.:1032507-63-3 MDL No.:MFCD09701685

MF:C11H22N2O3 MW:230.3040

89-55-4

3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)benzaldehyde

Catalog No.:AA0091JT

CAS No.:1032527-37-9 MDL No.:MFCD20527725

MF:C9H8F2O MW:170.1560

89-55-4

4-[(1-BOC-Amino)cyclobutyl]phenylboronic acid pinacol ester

Catalog No.:AA007HJT

CAS No.:1032528-06-5 MDL No.:MFCD18762017

MF:C21H32BNO4 MW:373.2941

89-55-4

2-cyclohexylpropan-1-amine

Catalog No.:AA01A7EF

CAS No.:103254-49-5 MDL No.:MFCD11590410

MF:C9H19N MW:141.2539

89-55-4

2-((3-Hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino)acetic acid

Catalog No.:AA0095JC

CAS No.:1032564-18-3 MDL No.:MFCD20278233

MF:C12H19NO3 MW:225.2842

89-55-4

2-Amino-N-[2,3-dihydro-7-methoxy-8-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl]-5-pyrimidinecarboxamide

Catalog No.:AA0039IF

CAS No.:1032568-63-0 MDL No.:MFCD18633201

MF:C23H28N8O4 MW:480.5196

89-55-4

2,6-Dibromo-3-iodopyridine

Catalog No.:AA0090VA

CAS No.:1032582-80-1 MDL No.:MFCD13185520

MF:C5H2Br2IN MW:362.7885

89-55-4

ethyl 5-aMino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate

Catalog No.:AA0095XH

CAS No.:103259-35-4 MDL No.:MFCD00114562

MF:C6H9N3O2 MW:155.1546

89-55-4

5-(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran

Catalog No.:AA01BZYI

CAS No.:1032590-02-5 MDL No.:MFCD20637534

MF:C10H11ClO MW:182.6467

89-55-4

Barium chloride dihydrate

Catalog No.:AA003NW6

CAS No.:10326-27-9 MDL No.:MFCD00003445

MF:BaCl2O2 MW:240.2318

89-55-4

CADMIUM PERCHLORATE HEXAHYDRATE

Catalog No.:AA003OKC

CAS No.:10326-28-0 MDL No.:MFCD00150202

MF:CdClH3O5 MW:230.8848

89-55-4

D-Lactic acid

Catalog No.:AA003P4R

CAS No.:10326-41-7 MDL No.:MFCD00068311

MF:C3H6O3 MW:90.0779

89-55-4

Ethyl tetrahydropyran-4-yl-acetate

Catalog No.:AA007HJL

CAS No.:103260-44-2 MDL No.:MFCD03788560

MF:C9H16O3 MW:172.2215

89-55-4

4-Methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

Catalog No.:AA003LL0

CAS No.:103260-65-7 MDL No.:MFCD02664458

MF:C10H9NO3 MW:191.1834

89-55-4

8-methylindolizine-2-carboxylic acid

Catalog No.:AA01BKB1

CAS No.:103261-63-8 MDL No.:MFCD05157591

MF:C10H9NO2 MW:175.1840

89-55-4

Methyl 4-cyano-2-methylbenzoate

Catalog No.:AA007XTW

CAS No.:103261-67-2 MDL No.:MFCD18399110

MF:C10H9NO2 MW:175.1840

89-55-4

Methyl 5-cyano-2-methylbenzoate

Catalog No.:AA0085U6

CAS No.:103261-68-3 MDL No.:MFCD18399111

MF:C10H9NO2 MW:175.1840

89-55-4

Ethyl benzo[d]thiazole-5-carboxylate

Catalog No.:AA0091ZH

CAS No.:103261-70-7 MDL No.:MFCD13176733

MF:C10H9NO2S MW:207.2490

89-55-4

3-(Piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenylboronic acid

Catalog No.:AA008SRH

CAS No.:1032610-59-5 MDL No.:MFCD08060620

MF:C12H18BNO2 MW:219.0878

89-55-4

2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethanol

Catalog No.:AA007HJJ

CAS No.:103262-35-7 MDL No.:MFCD02169755

MF:C9H10O2 MW:150.1745

89-55-4

(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acetic acid

Catalog No.:AA008ZYK

CAS No.:103262-83-5 MDL No.:MFCD05863285

MF:C9H10O3 MW:166.1739

89-55-4

1-Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylic acid

Catalog No.:AA01BA86

CAS No.:103264-49-9 MDL No.:MFCD11557215

MF:C10H9N3O2 MW:203.1974

89-55-4

7-Bromo-4-chloro-5h-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine

Catalog No.:AA007XTS

CAS No.:1032650-41-1 MDL No.:MFCD11518977

MF:C6H3BrClN3 MW:232.4651

89-55-4

Methyl 2-amino-5-cyano-3-methylbenzoate

Catalog No.:AA019ERF

CAS No.:1032667-87-0 MDL No.:MFCD20697055

MF:C10H10N2O2 MW:190.1986

89-55-4

Ethyl 2-amino-5-bromo-3-methylbenzoate

Catalog No.:AA00H9XR

CAS No.:1032668-56-6 MDL No.:MFCD12159932

MF:C10H12BrNO2 MW:258.1118

89-55-4

ethyl 2-amino-5-bromo-3-chlorobenzoate

Catalog No.:AA01AJE0

CAS No.:1032668-64-6 MDL No.:MFCD12159924

MF:C9H9BrClNO2 MW:278.5303

89-55-4

Cyanine3 NHS ester

Catalog No.:AA0097CJ

CAS No.:1032678-38-8 MDL No.:MFCD28505569

MF:C34H40ClN3O4 MW:590.1521

89-55-4

Cyanine5 NHS ester

Catalog No.:AA0097CK

CAS No.:1032678-42-4 MDL No.:

MF:C38H47ClN3O4+ MW:645.2505

89-55-4

(R)-tert-Butyl 3-aminoazepane-1-carboxylate

Catalog No.:AA0032BR

CAS No.:1032684-85-7 MDL No.:MFCD11041391

MF:C11H22N2O2 MW:214.3046

89-55-4

3,5-Dichloro-1h-1,2,4-triazole

Catalog No.:AA007HJA

CAS No.:10327-87-4 MDL No.:MFCD01421959

MF:C2HCl2N3 MW:137.9554

89-55-4

6-Chloro-3-pyridin-4-yl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine

Catalog No.:AA01ARF4

CAS No.:1032705-69-3 MDL No.:MFCD11042741

MF:C10H6ClN5 MW:231.6411

89-55-4

2-Bromo-4-tert-butylaniline

Catalog No.:AA007XS2

CAS No.:103273-01-4 MDL No.:MFCD00052693

MF:C10H14BrN MW:228.1289

89-55-4

5-(4-aminophenyl)-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione

Catalog No.:AA019MFS

CAS No.:103273-09-2 MDL No.:MFCD10686888

MF:C10H11N3O2 MW:205.2132

89-55-4

DECAHYDROAZULEN-2-ONE

Catalog No.:AA01DX4O

CAS No.:103274-00-6 MDL No.:MFCD24692496

MF:C10H16O MW:152.2334

89-55-4

5-(3-aminophenyl)-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione

Catalog No.:AA019U5S

CAS No.:103274-15-3 MDL No.:MFCD11505639

MF:C10H11N3O2 MW:205.2132

89-55-4

5-Amino-1-(3-methylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide

Catalog No.:AA01AQH3

CAS No.:103274-40-4 MDL No.:MFCD16653073

MF:C10H11N5O MW:217.2272

89-55-4

3-Bromo-4-(tert-butyl)aniline

Catalog No.:AA0096KU

CAS No.:103275-21-4 MDL No.:MFCD09966047

MF:C10H14BrN MW:228.1289

89-55-4

2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride

Catalog No.:AA019L34

CAS No.:103275-23-6 MDL No.:MFCD07352307

MF:C10H15BrClNO2 MW:296.5886

89-55-4

N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-propanamine hydrochloride

Catalog No.:AA00J1L8

CAS No.:103275-31-6 MDL No.:MFCD08559381

MF:C10H15Cl2N MW:220.1388